儒家文化核心术语英译中的语义损失研究
中国文化博大精深，在传统思想领域方面以儒家思想文化为主要代表。中外的文化交流随着时代的发展不断加深，儒家文化的对外传播成为弘扬中国文化的重要途径。儒家文化术语中的“仁”“礼”“君子”“德”蕴藏了大量的儒家思想精髓，成为代表儒家思想的重要核心术语。在对儒家核心术语进行翻译时由于中外的宗教信仰、文化教养、理解表达等方面有很大的差异难免会出现一些语义损失。对于儒家文化术语英译中出现的语义损失，要用替代、注释、意译等方法进行翻译补偿，尽可能体现术语的内涵。这些研究会帮助我们更好的传播儒家思想文化精髓和促进中西方文化交流与对话。
关键词：儒家文化；  核心术语；  翻译；  语义损失；  补偿方法与策略；

Abstract (in English) ⅱ
Abstract (in Chinese) . ⅲ
Introduction.1
Chapter 1   Choice of the Core Terms of the Confucianism.2
Chapter 2   Semantic Loss of the Core Terms of Confucianism in English translation.4
2.1  The English Translation of the Confucian Core Terms4
2.2  Causes of Semantic Loss8
2.2.1  Religious Belief.8
2.2.2  Cultural Difference.10
2.2.3  Expression Or Understanding Deviation10
Chapter 3  Compensation Methods Or Strategies12
3.1  Replacement .12
3.2  Annotation.13
3.3  Paraphrase.14
Conclusion 15
Bibliography.16
Acknowledgement17
Chinese culture is extensive and profound and it run through the history of the Chinese nation. The spread of Confucian culture can promote the Chinese culture dissemination, so that more people to be understood more deeply by more and more people.
 In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, missionaries translated Classical Chinese into European languages. Matteo Ricci and Blair, Wei Lixian made a significant contribution in translating the Confucian classics. There has been a new situation in the study of Confucian classics in the West Since 1970s.  Compared with western scholars Ku Hongming began to translate The Analects of Confucius and The Doctrine of the Mean from the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Wang Rongpei in Peking University and Xu Yuanchong in Soochow University have translated and published the Book of Songs and other Chinese classics after the reform and opening up.
Confucian culture terms will be cause the semantic loss in the process of translation due to the difference of Chinese and foreign cultures. We will be able to better express the meaning of the Chinese language in the study semantic loss and find some appropriate methods to compensation.

Chapter 1  Choice of the Core Terms of the Confucianism

The core term of Confucian thought "ren"（仁）appeared in The Analects of Confucius up to 109 times. It occupied an important position in Chinese culture and had a great influence on social development. The main idea of "ren" is encouraging people to be mutual friendly, mutual assistance, mutual love. "Ren" includes personality cultivation and social behaviors are governing the country. Confucian Benevolence Theory was applied to politics and developed into government, which produced important influence. "Ren" still has the strong vitality in today and this is the reason why the Confucius culture existed so long.
What we have called "li"(礼)has long existed in the ancient Chinese society. Its purpose is to maintain the patriarchal kinship and rank system and it could be applied  to guide people’s words and deeds. The meaning of "li" has gradually expanded with the development of society. The change included politics,economy, ethics,marriage, customs and other aspects. It essence confirms the political life and state power of law. "li" is a kind of thought which is respected by Confucianism and it is the law governing the country. We study it for the sake of traditional culture inherit and keeping the national development. The reason why the Chinese nation remains a strong influence and tenacious vitality is following the common rules of etiquette.
"Jun zi" (君子)in the The Analects of Confucius appeared 107 times. The culture of "jun zi"  belongs to the Chinese traditional culture and the basic element of the national spirit. What's more, it promotes the China good thought and the Chinese civilization development at the same time, "jun zi" spreads the positive energy of China. To be a gentleman is the pursuit of the majority Chinese people in the life. West has culture of gentleman, but only the Chinese speaking "jun zi". Chinese people bear the Chinese outstanding moral character, positive culture and self-improvement, so gentleman’s character become a part of Chinese national character.


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