英语语言中的性别差异研究
性别差异在语言中是一个比较普遍的现象。语言中的性别差异受到语言使用者所处的社会、文化和习俗等多方面的影响。语言和性别能够相互影响。从1960年开始，妇女解放运动日益壮大，女性要求获得更多的平等和自由。因此，语言中的性别差异也一直是社会各界研究的一个非常重要的课题。很多语言学家开始从性别差异着手去研究语言中的性别差异以及差异产生的各种原因。他们从社会语言学研究的角度出发，详细分析了性别差异在语音、语调、词汇及话语风格中的不同之处，也相应地指出了造成这些差异的原因。
本文将围绕该问题展开进一步的讨论，探求男性和女性在使用英语时存在着的词汇、句法、会话风格、言语交际等方面的差异 ,并探究产生这些差异的原因，以期对这方面的进一步研究作出些许贡献。语言中的性别差异研究也能够为我们的英语教学提供一些参考性建议。

关键词：性别  语言  差异
摘要    iii
Chapter 1  Introduction    1
1.1 Background and Significance    1
1.2 Literature Review of Gender Differences in the Language at Home and Abroad    2
Chapter 2  Gender Differences in English    5
2.1 Differences on Intonation    5
2.2 Differences on Pronunciation    7
2.3 Differences on Vocabularies    8
Chapter 3  The Reasons for the Gender Differences    10
3.1 Historical Reasons    10
3.2 Social and Cultural Reasons    11
3.3 Physical and Psychological Reasons    13
Chapter 4  Conclusion    15
References    16
Acknowledgements    17

1.1 Background and Significance
Gender difference is a basic feature of linguistics. Gender differences in language are a kind of language phenomenon the language users have expressed for the sake of society, culture and customs, etc. language and gender influence and impact each other relatively. The objective existence of gender differences determines reflection of the difference between the sexes in the language. Since the development of western women's liberation movement in the 1960 s, the study of gender differences and language has become a very important subject of study from all walks of life in the society. Ever since the Women's Movement in the 1970s, more and more people have shifted their interest and focused on language and gender in the western world, which has inspired a great many heated discussions and researches. There are annual conferences and meetings on the topic, attracting like-minded, enthusiastic experts and scholars all over the world. A great number of sociologists and feminists have published many articles and books to express their own opinions on language and gender. They have made a great contribution to the research, of whom, Cheris Kramer, Barrie Thorne and Nancy Henley are the three most important and prominent pioneers on women's language study in the United States.
Some famous linguists began to study from the perspective of gender exist between gender and language of some unknown and mysterious even inevitable connection. They have started from the perspective of social linguistics research to discuss the gender differences in pronunciation, intonation, and vocabulary and discourse style. They have also analyzed the reasons and development changes of these gender differences in the language. In recent years, the study of language and gender in domestic also increasingly cause the attention of Chinese linguistic. Many research papers and monographs are introduced in an increasing number on this subject. In the domestic many documents, however, the very detailed and thorough analyses about the English language gender differences are still limited and some analysis is still there is certain one-sidedness.
This paper would have further discussion, exploration of the men and women exist in the use of English vocabulary, syntax, conversational style, differences in aspects of speech communication, and to explore the causes of these differences. In this way, this paper aims to make a little contribution for the further study in this field. Gender differences in language study can also provide some referential suggestions for our English teaching. Language and culture are interdependent which the mirror to reflect the social ideas is. Gender differences in the English language are an important content of social linguistics which is also a common phenomenon for all kinds of cultures. As people don't realize gender differences in language and the reasons behind the differences, they may lead to misunderstanding or even conflicts with each other. Therefore, understanding gender differences in language and using their differences to communicate is of great significance. Learning gender differences in a language can lead us to have a better understanding of English, and consciously abandon these language habits. On the one hand, it can strengthen the sense of the English language, and on the other hand also can constantly update their knowledge of English and actively apply some of the more progress in the English language usage so as to promote English language learning.


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