从称谓语看中西方文化差异
在语言交际中，称谓往往是传递给对方的第一个信息，恰当的称呼能使交际得以顺利进行。在不同的语言文化中，同样的称谓方式，可能有不同的语用原则、语用范围、语用含义。称谓的使用差异很容易在跨文化交际中造成不必要的误会,为避免跨文化交际中的称谓语语用失误，必须了解双方的称谓差异。本文在对中西方称谓语对比的基础上，从三个方面探究了中西方文化的差异，即：思维模式、社会等级制度和对待家庭的方式。总之，称谓语是一个很重要的社会语言学问题，具有重要的社会功能。正确理解和掌握称谓语有利于在跨文化交际过程中达到预期的效果。
关键词  称谓语，文化差异，跨文化交际
1  Introduction    1
2  A General Study of Address Forms    1
2.1  Classification and Definition of Address Forms    1
2.2  Functions of Address Forms    2
3  A Contrastive Analysis of Address Forms in Chinese and English    3
3.1  Address Forms in a Family    3
3.2  Address Forms in Society    5
4  Cultural Differences Reflected by Address Forms    8
4.1  Difference in Thinking Patterns    8
4.2  Difference in Sense of Hierarchy and Sense of Equality    9
4.3  Difference in Treating the Role of Family    9
Conclusion    11
Acknowledgements    12
References    13

1  Introduction
We all know that culture is the tool of thinking and perception. But language is a symbol of culture. If we want to know more about culture, it is necessary to learn something about language. As an important part of a language, there are many kinds of address forms because of various kinds of culture all over the world. These differences of address forms among countries show that every nation has their own multicultural culture implications. Similarly, these address forms used in different ways can reflect the cultural differences between China and the West.
 Compared with other cultural differences, address forms are much more difficult to understand, especially in international communication where people who come from different cultural backgrounds. That is to say, address forms play a very important role in international communication. In other words, analyzing address forms in different countries is an important way to learn cultural differences.
    This paper will analyze the address forms between China and the West and helps arouse the learners’ awareness of the significance of cultural differences in cross-cultural communication and promote the good relationship between countries.
    The paper aims to show the cultural differences in address forms between China and the West. After a general study of address forms, including the definition, classification and functions of address forms, I’ll make a contrastive analysis of address forms in Chinese and English, and analyze the cultural differences reflected by address forms. Through analyzing address forms, we can know more cultural differences in cross-cultural communication, so as to promote the international communication.
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