解析《彩虹》中的传统与变化
 D.H.劳伦斯是20世纪英国最著名的文学家之一，也是最具争议的作家。他的作品揭露了工业文明对人性的扭曲，也探讨了两性关系。他的作品《彩虹》是英国现代主义小说经典作品之一，该小说以十九世纪下半叶到二十世纪初英国工业文明的发展为背景，通过聚焦布朗温家族三代人的婚姻与恋爱，深切关注英国工业文明对人性的破坏，展示了英国从传统的农业社会向工业社会转变的过程，并试图通过对两性伦理关系的探索寻求解决的方案。本文通过对这三代人的研究，探索小说所反映出的英国农村与矿区生活中，传统的生活与伦理观念在工业文明的冲击下逐渐变化的过程。
关键词  工业文明，生活方式，思想观念，传统与变化
1  Introduction 1
2  Modes of Living: from Farm to Town2
3  Ideologies:Old and New5
Conclusion 11
Acknowlegements 13
References14

D.H. Lawrence is one of the most important and controversial figures in English literature. He is also a poet, playwright, essayist, painter, and literary critic. During his twenty-year creating career, he writes10 novels, over 50 medium-length novels and short novels, some poems. He also translates some works. His works explore psychological development of his characters and criticize the dehumanizing capitalist industrialization on human nature. His works reveal his dissatisfaction with the modern society which destructs harmony between man and man, man and nature and man and society. He thinks the prime evil of the industrialization is to contort people’s nature while people become mechanical in the progress of industrial civilization. The Rainbow was banned by English government because of his over explicit descriptions of human sexuality, and he also received intensive attacks and negative comments from society and government, but now he is valued as a visionary thinker and a significant representative of modernism in English literature.
The Rainbow as an English modernist classic, was published in 1995. Lawrence is an honest figure against industrialization, so anti-industrialization is always one of the most important themes in his works. He hates that industrial civilization destroys beautiful views and brings about the alienation between man and man. Besides, he also puts his emphasis on the male-female relationship. He thinks the restoration of healthy and harmonious male-female relationship can awaken the loss of people’s nature during the course of industrial civilization, and then it can find a solution to many social problems which come into being in the course of industrial civilization. The novel deals with how the three generations of the Brangwens gradually makes changes both on modes of living and mentality with the development of industrial revolution in England. Tom and Lydia was the first generation in the novel. Their life on Marsh Farm stood for traditional modes of living in England. The English man and the Polish widow, after experiencing much resistance and conflicts between the flesh and the soul, they hoped to find a way to fix up the emotional gap and realize harmony in their life. Compared with the first generation in the novel, the second generation, Anna and will’s marriage was full of conflicts and quarrels. There existed divergences in belief and personality between them, although at first they loved each other, however, because of divergence in many aspects, gradually, they found the  physical love driven by impulse could end their conflicts. Nevertheless, sexuality could not achieve spiritual harmony. Consequently, Anna devoted her energy to procreating while Will spent his time on carving. They hoped to make some changes on searching for ideal relationship, however, they failed, so they pinned their hope on the next generation. Ursula, as the female representative of the third generation, was a new image. She had positive pursuit as a modern female. She wanted to be independent in male-oriented society and achieved her own value. She also hoped to find a way to establish a harmonious interpersonal relationship in mechanical society. In the process of her pursuits, she experienced many obstacles, but she did not give up. To some extent, Ursula’s pursuits also represented Lawrence’s pursuits and explorations. In her relationship with Skrebensky, She loved him and enjoyed their happy sexual life, but she was not willing to get married because Skrebensky was not able to achieve spiritual harmony with her. In the novel, Ursula wanted to find a better way to achieve herself, even if she was disillusioned many times, she did not give up, so in the end of the novel, she saw the rainbow, which symbolized a new life.
So far, The Rainbow has received lots of reviews from the scholars and critics at home and abroad. There are many wide-ranging researches on The Rainbow. Most studies focus on the characters, the essence of the harmonious sexual relationship and the impact of English industrial revolution on people’s life in The Rainbow. In Andrew’s opinion, people become numb because of large-scale mechanical operations, meanwhile, mechanical operations weaken people’s nature and other good qualities. In Collin’s opinion, self-consciousness is indispensable to pursue harmonious and perfect gender relationship. This paper attempts to know more about industrial civilization and make an analysis of the changes about the modes of living and ideologies in England.         
原文链接：http://www.jxszl.com/wgy/yy/27358.html