《沙乡年签》中的生态意蕴解读
奥尔多·利奥波德被认为是美国野生生物管理之父和美国的先知。他最杰出的代表作是《沙乡年鉴》。书中蕴含了丰富而深刻的生态思想。本论文从人与自然之间的关系，土地伦理以及荒野的价值三个方面解读《沙乡年鉴》中蕴含的生态思想。利奥波德强调人与自然之间存在相互影响的关系，人只是自然界的一部分，是土地社区中的一份子；荒野同样拥有很多价值，审美的价值、消遣娱乐的价值，生态的价值等等。这些生态思想在当下为人们了解自然、热爱生态、尊重自然、保护环境、尊重其他物种等都具有重要的意义。
关键词  《沙乡年鉴》，奥尔多·利奥波德，土地伦理，荒野

1  Introduction    1
2  The Ecological Implications in Sand County Almanac    2
2.1 Relationship between Nature and Human Beings    2
2.2 Land Ethics    4
2.3 The Values of Wilderness    6
Conclusion    10
Acknowledgements    12
References    13

 Aldo Leopold (1887-1948) was born in Burlington. When he was a child, Leopold had an interest in field ornithology and natural history. After graduating from Burlington, he went to Scientific School at Yale and enrolled in the Yale forestry school. He graduated in 1909 and got the master degree and then joined the U.S. Forest Service. Aldo Leopold once was the associate director of the U.S. Forest Products Laboratory, which was the principal research institution of the Forest Service at that time. In 1933 he was given a new job at the University of Wisconsin, the newly created chair in Game Management. Leopold spent his whole life in protecting the wildlife. He wrote more than 350 articles, most of these articles are about scientific and policy matters, but most famous book is A Sand County Almanac. So, Leopold is not only a famous writer but also an scientist. On April 21, 1948, Leopold died of a heart attack. Very quickly after his death, Leopold was appointed to the National Wildlife Federation. In 1978, Memorial Association awarded him the John Burroughs medal for his lifework, especially for his representative book: A Sand County Almanac.
A Sand County Almanac was published in 1949 and many aspects are included in the book, such as scene painting with words, and philosophy. The book begins with the title: “Sand County Almanac”. This part is divided into twelve segments: January to December. All the description of the first part follows the changes of the author’s farm. Leopold wrote lots of anecdotes and observations about the reactions of planets and animals. The second part is “Sketch Here and There”. The first part narrates the scenery of different times and the second part narrates the events around the farms and wilderness in Canada and the United States. Some of essays are autobiographical, such as “Red Legs Kicking”, “Thinking Like a Mountain”. In “Red Legs Kicking”, Leopold wrote some boyhood hunting experience in Iowa. “Thinking Like a Mountain” also writes some hunting experience later in his life and these experience led to the formation of his views. “The Upshot” is the end section of the whole book. It is a section of philosophical essays grouped together. He explored ironies of conservation and puts forward the famous land ethic in this section. In the concluding essay “A Land Ethic”, He hold the opinion that more conservation education was needed. In The Ecological Conscience section, he writes "Conservation is a state of harmony between men and land.”(Leopold, 2010: 265) He also believes that man is just a part of nature and man should respect and love nature. What’s more, man and nature influence each other. People have the responsibilities to protect and respect the land.
This paper is to explore the ecological implications in A Sand County Almanac. The paper has three parts and this is the first part. This part is a brief introduction about Aldo Leopold and A Sand County Almanac.
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