远大前程中匹普的成长历程
查尔斯狄更斯是英国著名的批判现实主义小说家。他通过自己的勤奋与天赋，创作了很多优秀的作品，获得了广大读者的喜爱，并对英国文学的发展做出了重大的贡献。《远大前程》是他晚年的作品之一，对于探讨人生道路方面具有启示意义。主人公匹普先是在追寻远大前程的过程中迷失了自我，然后又在远大前程的美梦破灭之后重新找回了自我。本文主要从两个方面分析匹普的成长历程：第一个方面是分析他成长的四个阶段：天真、堕落、反省和成熟，第二个方面是将外因和内因结合起来分析造成他成长的原因。
关键词  匹普，成长阶段，成长原因
1  Introduction1
2  Stages of Pip’s Growth2
2.1Innocence  3
2.2Degeneration 3
2.3Introspection  4
2.4Maturation 5
3  Causes for Pip’s Growth 6
3.1External Causes   6
3.2Internal Causes 8
Conclusion11
Acknowledgments 12
References13
Charles Dickens was born in Portsmouth, Britain in 1812. He lived an affluent life and received education in a private school when he was very young. However, his parents spent so much money in holding parties for guests that his family was bankrupt soon. His father was put in prison due to debt and thus his family followed by and lived in that prison. In order to bear the heavy burden of his family, he was sent to work for 10 hours every day in a shoe polish factory. Fortunately, his father inherited a legacy, so he had an opportunity to go to school again. When he was 15, he finished his study and worked in a law firm. Then he became a journalist at the age of 20. In fact, he did not receive much formal education, but he gained a lot of knowledge through self-education. His literary career began when he worked as a congressional reporter. At that time, he often wandered around rural areas in London where he collected abundant materials for his later creation.
He is a humorous writer for telling truth between romance and realism in a kind of language which is full of wit and humor, making him the main representative of 19th century’s British realistic literature. During his lifetime, he creates a large number of famous works, such as Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, A Tale of Two Cities and so on. In his literary works, he pays special attention to the description of life experience of ‘nobody’ living at the bottom of society and reveals complex social reality seriously of that time in Britain. Therefore, he has made great contributions to the development of British critical realistic literature. Great Expectations is one of his most mature novels in his old age and it has its implications for exploring life road. This novel mainly tells that the main character Pip first loses himself during the process of pursuing his great expectations, and then he regains himself after his dream of great expectations breaking down.
Due to high reputations of this novel, many critics and scholars have studied this novel from different perspectives to find out different academic values. Some study the themes, some analyze the characters, some work on the narrative characteristics, some engage in the language features and so on. As for the themes, Li Shirong from Yan’an University holds that there are many themes embodied in this novel, one of which is the theme of initiation. Through many experiences, the main character Pip gradually realizes the truth and knows what is superior and what is inferior. It is love that helps him achieve maturation of thought by leaps and bounds. In terms of characters, Stanley Friedman argues that “the discovery of Estella’s parentage lifts Pip from despair, reawakens his hope, and creates in him, and perhaps in us, the reader of his story, expectations that Dickens was later persuaded to satisfy.” (Friedman, 2002: 419) However, Ai Xiaoling attempts to elucidate narrative features by focusing on narrative structure, narrative grammar, narrative views and texture strategies. Different from Ai Xiaoling, Su Limin aims to dig out language features through Dickens’s use of abundant rhetoric devices such as smart hyperboles, proper metaphors or similes, refined repetitions and couplets and wonderful long and short sentences. Last but not least, David Kurnick thinks that “recognizing Pip as a screen for the reader’s relation to Dickensian style depersonalizes our sense of Pip’s delusion of centrality; it helps us recognize that Pip’s sense of being at the mercy of the world that menaces or delights him with secret intention is a figure of the way Dickens’s own prose always has us, its vast public, in its insights.” (Kurnick, 2013: 102)
原文链接：http://www.jxszl.com/wgy/yy/27365.html